Iriburiro ryubumenyi bwibanze nubuhanga bwa Arc Welding

Amashanyarazi arc:ikintu gikomeye kandi gihoraho cyo gusohora gaze aho hari voltage runaka hagati ya electrode nziza kandi mbi, kandi gaze ya gaze hagati ya electrode zombi igomba kuba muburyo bwa ioni. Iyo ukongeje arc yo gusudira, mubisanzwe bikorwa muguhuza electrode ebyiri (electrode imwe nigikorwa cyakazi naho indi electrode ikaba icyuma cyuzuza ibyuma cyangwa inkoni yo gusudira) kumashanyarazi, kuvugana mugihe gito no gutandukana vuba. Iyo electrode ebyiri zihuye nizindi, umuzenguruko muto ubaho, ugakora arc. Ubu buryo bwitwa contact arcing. Nyuma ya arc imaze gushingwa, mugihe cyose amashanyarazi agumana itandukaniro runaka rishobora kuba hagati yinkingi zombi, gutwika arc birashobora gukomeza.

Ibiranga Arc:Umuvuduko muke, umuyaga mwinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubwinshi bwingufu, kugenda neza, nibindi. Mubisanzwe, voltage ya 20-30V irashobora gukomeza gutwika neza arc, kandi numuyoboro uri muri arc urashobora kuva kumirongo icumi kugeza kubihumbi. gusudira ibisabwa mubikorwa bitandukanye. Ubushuhe bwa arc burashobora gushika hejuru ya 5000K kandi burashobora gushonga ibyuma bitandukanye.

Igice cya Arc:zone ya cathode, zone ya anode, na arc inkingi ya zone.

Inkomoko yo gusudira inkomoko:Inkomoko yimbaraga zikoreshwa mugusudira arc yitwa arc welding power source, ubusanzwe ishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine: AC arc welding power source, DC arc welding power source, pulse arc welding power source, na inverter arc welding power source.

DC ihuza ryiza: Iyo imashini yo gusudira DC ikoreshwa muguhuza igihangano na anode hamwe ninkoni yo gusudira kuri cathode, byitwa DC ihuza neza. Muri iki gihe, igihangano gishyuha cyane kandi gikwiriye gusudira ibihangano binini kandi binini;

DC ihuza:Iyo igihangano cyahujwe na cathode naho inkoni yo gusudira ihujwe na anode, yitwa DC revers ihuza. Muri iki gihe, igihangano ntigishyuha kandi gikwiriye gusudira ibinini bito kandi bito. Iyo ukoresheje imashini yo gusudira AC yo gusudira, ntakibazo cyo guhuza ibyiza cyangwa bibi bitewe no guhinduranya polarite ya pole zombi.

Inzira ya metallurgiki yo gusudira ikubiyemo imikoranire hagati yicyuma cyamazi, slag, na gaze mugikorwa cyo gusudira arc, aribwo buryo bwo gusubiramo ibyuma. Nyamara, bitewe nuburyo bwihariye bwo gusudira, uburyo bwo gusudira imiti ya metallurgie yo gusudira ifite ibintu bitandukanye nibikorwa rusange byo gushonga.

Ubwa mbere, ubushyuhe bwa metallurgiki yo gusudira ni hejuru, imbibi zicyiciro ni nini, kandi umuvuduko wa reaction ni mwinshi. Iyo umwuka winjiye muri arc, icyuma cyamazi kizagira okiside ikomeye na nitriding reaction, hamwe nibyuka byinshi byuka. Amazi yo mu kirere, kimwe na atome ya hydrogène yangirika mu mavuta, ingese, n'amazi mu kazi ndetse n'ibikoresho byo gusudira ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa arc, birashobora gushonga mu cyuma gisukuye, bigatuma igabanuka rya plastike hamwe n'ubukomere (hydrogen) embrittlement), ndetse no gushiraho ibice.

Icya kabiri, pisine yo gusudira ni nto kandi irakonja vuba, bigatuma bigora reaction zitandukanye za metallurgique kugera kuburinganire. Ibigize imiti yo gusudira ntibingana, kandi gaze, oxyde, nibindi muri pisine ntibishobora kureremba mugihe, bishobora gukora byoroshye inenge nka pore, inclage, ndetse nibice.

Mugihe cyo gusudira arc, ingamba zikurikira zifatwa:

• Mugihe cyo gusudira, kurinda imashini bihabwa ibyuma bishongeshejwe kugirango bitandukane numwuka. Hariho uburyo butatu bwo gukingira: kurinda gazi, kurinda ibicuruzwa, no kurinda gazi hamwe.

. gutegeka gukuraho FeO muri pisine mugihe cyo gusudira no kwishyura indishyi zo gutakaza ibintu. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gusudira arc

Kuzenguruka arc gusudira nuburyo bwo gushonga electrode yo gusudira ikoresha granular flux nkigikoresho cyo gukingira kandi igahisha arc munsi ya flux layer. Igikorwa cyo gusudira cyogosha arc gusudira kigizwe nintambwe eshatu:

1. kuringaniza kubitsa granular flux ihagije kugirango ifatanye gusudira kumurimo;
2. Huza ibyiciro bibiri byo gusudira amashanyarazi kuri nozzle hamwe nigice cyo gusudira kugirango ubyare arc;
3. Mu buryo bwikora kugaburira insinga zo gusudira no kwimura arc kugirango ukore gusudira.

Ibintu nyamukuru biranga arc gusudira arc ni ibi bikurikira:

1. Imikorere idasanzwe ya arc

• Ubwiza bwo hejuru bwo gusudira, ubwiza bwa slag hamwe ningaruka zo kurinda ikirere, igice cyingenzi cya zone ya arc ni CO2, azote na ogisijeni biri mubyuma byasudutse bigabanuka cyane, ibipimo byo gusudira bihita bihindurwa, kugenda arc gukoreshwa, gushonga pisine ibaho igihe kirekire, reaction ya metallurgical irahagije, kurwanya umuyaga birakomeye, bityo ibice byo gusudira birahagaze kandi nibikoresho bya mashini nibyiza;
• Imikorere myiza hamwe na slag kwigunga arc urumuri ni ingirakamaro kubikorwa byo gusudira; Gukoresha imashini zikoresha imbaraga nke zumurimo.

2. Imbaraga za arc inkingi yumuriro uruta iy'icyuma cya gaz arc gusudira, kandi ifite ibimenyetso bikurikira:

• imikorere myiza yo guhindura imikorere. Bitewe numuriro mwinshi w'amashanyarazi, ibyiyumvo bya sisitemu yo guhinduranya byikora biri hejuru, bitezimbere ituze ryimikorere yo gusudira;
• Umupaka wo hasi wo gusudira ni mwinshi.

3. Bitewe n'uburebure bugufi bwo kuyobora insinga zo gusudira, ubwinshi nubu nubu ubwiyongere bwiyongereye cyane, bigatuma umusaruro ushimishije. Ibi bitezimbere cyane arc ubushobozi bwo kwinjira hamwe nigipimo cyo guta insinga zo gusudira; Bitewe ningaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwa flux na slag, muri rusange imikorere yubushyuhe iriyongera cyane, bigatuma umuvuduko wogusudira wiyongera cyane.

Igipimo cyo gusaba:

Bitewe no kwinjira cyane, umusaruro mwinshi, hamwe nuburyo bwo hejuru bwubukanishi bwo gusudira arc yarengewe, birakwiriye gusudira maremare maremare yububiko buringaniye kandi bunini. Ifite uburyo butandukanye bwo kubaka ubwato, guteka n’ubwato, ikiraro, imashini ziremereye, inyubako z’ingufu za kirimbuzi, inyubako zo mu nyanja, intwaro n’izindi nzego zikora, kandi ni bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu gusudira muri iki gihe. Usibye gukoreshwa muguhuza ibice mubyuma, gusudira arc kurengerwa birashobora no gusudira imyenda idashobora kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika kwangirika hejuru yicyuma fatizo. Hamwe niterambere ryogukoresha tekinoroji yo gusudira hamwe nubuhanga bwo gusudira ibikoresho, ibikoresho bishobora gusudwa nogusudira arc byarohamye byahindutse biva mubyuma byubatswe bya karubone bihinduka ibyuma byubatswe buke, ibyuma bidafite ingese, ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe, hamwe nibyuma bidafite ferrous nka nikel ishingiye ku mavuta, titanium, amavuta y'umuringa, n'ibindi.

Bitewe nimiterere yacyo, ikoreshwa ryayo nayo ifite aho igarukira, bitewe ahanini na:

• imyanya yo gusudira aho igarukira. Bitewe no kugumana flux, gusudira arc kurengerwa gukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusudira gutambitse gutambitse no kumanuka kumanuka nta ngamba zidasanzwe, kandi ntibishobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwo gusudira gutambitse, guhagaritse, no hejuru.
• Intambamyi y'ibikoresho byo gusudira ni uko idashobora gusudira cyane ibyuma bya okiside cyane hamwe na aluminiyumu na titanium, kandi bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusudira ibyuma bya fer;
• Gusa birakwiriye gusudira no gukata gusudira birebire, kandi ntibishobora gusudira hamwe n'umwanya muto;
• Ntushobora kwitegereza neza arc;

(5) Ntibikwiye kubisahani yoroheje no gusudira gake.