Izinhlobo ezingu-7 Zokukhubazeka kanye Nezinyathelo Zokuvimbela ku-Aluminium Alloy Welding

1. I-Welding porosity

Ngesikhathi sokushisela, izimbotshana ezakhiwe amabhamuza asele echibini elincibilikisiwe ahlulekayo ukuphuma ngesikhathi sokuqina.

Isizathus:

I-1) Ingaphezulu lezinto eziyisisekelo noma i-welding wire material ingcoliswe ngamafutha, ifilimu ye-oxide ayihlanzwa kahle, noma i-welding ayenziwa ngesikhathi esifanele ngemva kokuhlanza.

I-2) Ukuhlanzeka kwegesi evikelayo akuphakeme ngokwanele, futhi umphumela wokuvikela umpofu.

I-3) Uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngegesi alomile noma aluvuzi umoya noma amanzi.

4) Ukukhetha okungalungile kwemingcele yenqubo ye-welding.

I-5) Ukuvikelwa kwegesi okungalungile ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela kanye nesivinini sokushisela ngokweqile.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela:

1) Hlanza kahle indawo yokushisela kanye nocingo lokushisela ngaphambi kokushisela.

2) Kufanele kusetshenziswe igesi evikelayo efanelekile, futhi ubumsulwa kufanele buhlangabezane nezimfuneko.

3) Uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngegesi kufanele lugcinwe lomile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza komoya namanzi.

4) Ukukhethwa kwamapharamitha wenqubo yokushisela kufanele kube okunengqondo.

5) Nakani ukugcina isikhundla esinembile phakathi kwethoshi lokushisela, intambo yokushisela, kanye ne-workpiece, futhi ithoshi lokushisela kufanele libe njenge-perpendicular workpiece ngangokunokwenzeka;

Zama ukusebenzisa i-arc welding emfushane, futhi ibanga phakathi kwe-nozzle ne-workpiece kufanele ilawulwe ku-10-15 mm;

Isibani se-welding kufanele sihambe ngesivinini esiqhubekayo emgqeni oqondile, futhi i-electrode ye-tungsten kufanele ihambisane nesikhungo se-weld seam, futhi ucingo kufanele lunikezwe emuva naphambili ngesivinini esiqhubekayo;

Kufanele kube nezinsiza ezivikela umoya endaweni yokushisela, futhi akufanele kube nokugeleza komoya.

Izingxenye ezishiselwe kufanele zishiswe ngokufanele; Naka ikhwalithi yokuqalwa kwe-arc kanye nokuqedwa.

 

2. Ukuntuleka kokungena nokuhlanganisa

Isenzakalo sokungena okungaphelele ngesikhathi sokushisela kubizwa ngokuthi ukungena okungaphelele.

Ingxenye lapho ubuhlalu bokushisela bungancibiliki ngokugcwele futhi buhlangane nensimbi eyisisekelo noma phakathi kobuhlalu bokushisela ngesikhathi sokushisela ibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlanganisa okungaphelele.

Isizathus:

1) Ukulawulwa kwamanje kokushisela kuphansi kakhulu, i-arc yinde kakhulu, isivinini sokushisela siyashesha kakhulu, futhi izinga lokushisa langaphambi kokushisa liphansi.

2) Igebe le-weld seam lincane kakhulu, unqenqema olubuthuntu likhulu kakhulu, futhi i-engeli ye-groove incane kakhulu.

3) Ukususwa kwe-oxide ebusweni bengxenye ehlanganisiwe naphakathi kwezingqimba zokushisela akuhlanzekile.

4) Abanolwazi kumasu okusebenza, abakwazi ukubamba isikhathi esihle sokudla ngocingo.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela:

1) Khetha imingcele yamanje yokushisela efanele. Lapho ushisela amapuleti awugqinsi, shisa kuqala i-workpiece ibe ngu-80-120 ℃ ngaphambi kokushisela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomshini wokusebenza liyahlangabezana nezidingo zokushisela.

2) Khetha izikhala ezihlangene zokushisela kanye nama-engeli e-groove.

3) Qinisa ukuhlanzwa kwama-oxide ebusweni bezingxenye ezishiselwe naphakathi kwezingqimba zokushisela.

I-4) Ukuqinisa ubuchwepheshe bokusebenza kwe-welding kufanele kwahlulele kahle isimo sokuncibilika kwe-groove noma i-welding layer surface, futhi isebenzise izinga eliphezulu (ngokuvamile, ubukhulu obuthile bechibi elincibilikisiwe elihlanzekile nelikhanyayo kufanele litholakale endaweni yokushisela kungakapheli imizuzwana emi-5 ngemuva kokushisa kwe-arc; nokushisela ngocingo kunganezelwa ngalesi sikhathi) ukushisela ngokushesha futhi ukondle ngokushesha ngocingo oluncane lokushisela. Ukushisela ngokucophelela kungagwema ukwenzeka kokungena okungaphelele nokuhlanganiswa.

 

3. Luma unqenqema

Ngemva kokushisela, i-concave groove lapho kuhlangana khona isisekelo sensimbi kanye nonqenqema lwe-weld kubizwa ngokuthi i-undercutting.

Isizathus:

1) Amapharamitha wenqubo yokushisela makhulu kakhulu, i-welding current iphezulu kakhulu, i-arc voltage iphezulu kakhulu, futhi okokufaka kokushisa kukhulu kakhulu.

I-2) Uma ijubane lokushisela lishesha kakhulu futhi ucingo lokushisela lushiya ichibi elincibilikisiwe ngaphambi kokugcwalisa umgodi we-arc, ukusika phansi kungenzeka.

3) Ukushintshashintsha okungalingani kwethoshi lokushisela, i-angle eyeqile yesibhamu sokushisela ngesikhathi sokushisela, kanye nokushwibeka okungalungile nakho kungabangela ukwehla.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela:

1) Lungisa futhi unciphise i-welding current noma i-arc voltage.

2) Khulisa ngokufanelekile isivinini sokuphakela ucingo noma wehlise isivinini sokushisela futhi uhlale isikhathi onqenqemeni lwechibi elincibilikisiwe ukuze wenze ubuhlalu bokushisela bugcwale ngokugcwele.

3) Ukunciphisa ububanzi bokuncibilika ngendlela efanele, ukukhulisa ukujula kokuncibilika, kanye nokwenza ngcono i-aspect ratio yomthungo we-weld kunomthelela omkhulu ekucindezeleni amaphutha okuluma onqenqemeni.

4) Ukusebenza kwe-welding kufanele kuqinisekise ukuthi isibhamu se-welding sishintsha ngokulinganayo.

 

4. Isiqeshana se-Tungsten

Ukungcola okungeyona okwensimbi okusele ensimbi ye-weld ngesikhathi sokushisela kubizwa ngokuthi i-slag inclusions. I-electrode ye-tungsten iyancibilika futhi iwele echibini elincibilikisiwe ngenxa yamanje eningi noma ukushayisana nocingo lokushisela ucezu lokusebenza, okuholela ekufakweni kwe-tungsten.

Isizathus:

I-1) Ukuhlanza okungaphelele ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-welding kuholela ku-oxidation enzima yokuphela okuncibilikile kocingo lwe-welding, okuholela ekufakweni kwe-slag.

I-2) Ukukhetha okungalungile kokuma kanye nemingcele ye-welding ekupheleni kwe-electrode ye-tungsten kubangele ukushisa kokuphela kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-tungsten inclusions.

3) Intambo yokushisela yayixhumene ne-electrode ye-tungsten futhi igesi oxidizing isetshenziswe ngephutha.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela:

I-1) Izindlela zokuhlanza imishini namakhemikhali zingasetshenziswa ukususa ama-oxides nokungcola emseleni kanye nocingo lokushisela; I-high frequency pulse arc ignition isetshenziswa, futhi ukuphela kokuncibilika kocingo lokushisela kuhlala kungaphakathi kwendawo yokuvikela.

2) I-welding current kufanele ihambisane nokuma kokuphela kwe-electrode ye-tungsten.

3) Thuthukisa amakhono okusebenza, gwema ukuthintana phakathi kwe-welding wire ne-tungsten electrode, futhi ubuyekeze igesi ye-inert.

 

5. Shisa

Ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwechibi elincibilikisiwe kanye nokubambezeleka kokugcwalisa ucingo, insimbi encibilikisiwe yokushisela igeleza iphume emseleni bese yenza iphutha lokubhoboza.

Isizathus:

1) Welding wamanje ngokweqile.

2) Ijubane lokushisela lihamba kancane.

3) Ifomu le-groove kanye nokuvunyelwa komhlangano akunangqondo.

4) Umshiseli unezinga eliphansi lamakhono okusebenza.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela:

1) Yehlisa i-welding yamanje ngokufanele.

2) Khulisa isivinini sokushisela ngokufanele.

3) Ukucutshungulwa kwe-groove kufanele kuhambisane nokucaciswa, futhi igebe lomhlangano lingalungiswa ukuze kwandiswe unqenqema olufiphele futhi kuncishiswe igebe lempande.

4) Ingcono indlela yokusebenza

 

6. Ukushisela ubuhlalu ngokweqile kanye ne-oxidation

Imikhiqizo ye-oxidation enamandla ikhiqizwa endaweni yangaphakathi nangaphandle ye-weld bead.

Isizathus:

1) I-electrode ye-tungsten ayigxili embhobho.

I-2) Umphumela wokuvikela igesi umpofu, ukuhlanzeka kwegesi kuphansi, futhi izinga lokugeleza lincane.

3) Izinga lokushisa lechibi elincibilikisiwe liphezulu kakhulu.

4) I-electrode ye-tungsten inweba kakhulu futhi ubude be-arc bude kakhulu.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela:

1) Lungisa ukugxila phakathi kwe-electrode ye-tungsten nombhobho.

2) Qinisekisa ukuhlanzeka kwegesi futhi ukhuphule izinga lokugeleza kwegesi ngendlela efanele.

3) Khulisa okwamanje ngokufanele, uthuthukise isivinini sokushisela, futhi ugcwalise ucingo ngesikhathi esifanele.

4) Nciphisa isandiso se-electrode ye-tungsten ngendlela efanele futhi unciphise ubude be-arc.

 

7. Ukuqhekeka

Ngaphansi kwethonya lokucindezeleka kwe-welding nezinye izici, amandla okubopha ama-athomu ensimbi endaweni yendawo yejoyinti ehlanganisiwe ayabhujiswa, okubangela izikhala.

Isizathus:

I-1) Isakhiwo sokushisela esingenangqondo, ukugxila ngokweqile kwama-welds, nokuvinjelwa ngokweqile kwamalunga ashiselwe.

2) Usayizi wechibi elincibilikayo likhulu kakhulu, izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, futhi kunokushiswa okuningi kwe-alloy element.

3) I-arc imiswa ngokushesha kakhulu, umgodi we-arc awugcwaliswa ngokugcwele, futhi ucingo lokushisela luhoxiswa ngokushesha kakhulu;

4) Isilinganiso sokuhlanganisa sezinto zokushisela asifanele. Uma izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo lentambo yokushisela liphezulu kakhulu, lingabangela ukuqhekeka kwe-liquefaction endaweni ethintekile ekushiseni.

5) Ukukhetha okungalungile kokubunjwa kwe-alloy ye-welding wire; Uma okuqukethwe kwe-magnesium ku-weld kungaphansi kuka-3%, noma okuqukethwe kwensimbi ne-silicon kudlula umkhawulo oshiwo, ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kuyanda.

6) I-arc crater ayigcwaliswa futhi kuvela imifantu

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela:

I-1) Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokushisela kufanele kube okunengqondo, futhi ukuhlelwa kwama-welds kungahlakazeka ngokuqhathaniswa. Ama-welds kufanele agweme ukugxilisa ukucindezeleka ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ukulandelana kwe-welding kufanele kukhethwe ngokunengqondo.

2) Sebenzisa umsinga wokushisela omncane noma ukhuphule isivinini sokushisela ngendlela efanele.

3) Indlela yokusebenza yokucisha i-arc kufanele ilungile. Ipuleti eliphumayo lingangezwa endaweni yokucima i-arc ukuze kugwenywe ukucisha ngokushesha, noma idivayisi yamanje yokuncisha amandla ingasetshenziswa ukugcwalisa umgodi we-arc.

4) Khetha kahle izinto zokushisela. Ukubunjwa kocingo olukhethiwe lwe-welding kufanele kufane nesisekelo sezinto.

5) Faka ipuleti lokuqala le-arc noma usebenzise idivayisi yamanje yokunciphisa ukugcwalisa umgodi we-arc.