Intshayelelo kuLwazi oluSisiseko kunye neTekhnoloji ye-Submerged Arc Welding

I-arc yombane:into enamandla kunye neqhubekayo yokukhutshwa kwegesi apho kukho i-voltage ethile phakathi kwee-electrodes ezintle kunye nezibi, kunye ne-gas medium phakathi kwee-electrodes ezimbini kufuneka ibe kwimeko ye-ionized. Xa uvutha i-arc ye-welding, ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwa ngokudibanisa i-electrode ezimbini (enye i-electrode ibe yinto yokusebenza kunye nenye i-electrode ibe yintsimbi yentsimbi yokuzalisa okanye intonga ye-welding) kumbane wombane, ukudibanisa ngokufutshane kunye nokwahlula ngokukhawuleza. Xa i-electrode ezimbini zidibana nomnye, isiphaluka esifutshane senzeke, senze i-arc. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-contact arcing. Emva kokuba i-arc yenziwe, ngokude nje ukuba amandla ombane agcina ukungafani okuthile phakathi kwezibonda ezimbini, ukutshiswa kwe-arc kunokugcinwa.

Iimpawu zeArc:Umbane ophantsi, umbane ophezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu, ubuninzi bamandla aphezulu, ukuhamba kakuhle, njl njl. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-voltage ye-20-30V inokugcina ukutsha okuzinzileyo kwe-arc, kwaye yangoku kwi-arc inokuvela kumashumi ukuya kumawaka e-amperes ukuhlangabezana nayo. iimfuno welding of workpieces ezahlukeneyo. Ubushushu be-arc bunokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-5000K kwaye bunokunyibilikisa iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo.

Ukwakhiwa kweArc:indawo yecathode, indawo ye-anode, kunye nendawo yekholamu ye-arc.

Umthombo wamandla we-arc welding:Umthombo wamandla osetyenziselwa ukuwelda i-arc ubizwa ngokuba ngumthombo wamandla we-arc welding, onokuthi wahlulwe ngokweendidi ezine: umthombo wamandla we-AC arc welding, umthombo wamandla we-welding we-DC, umthombo wamandla we-welding we-pulse arc, kunye ne-inverter arc welding power source.

Uqhagamshelwano olulungileyo lwe-DC: Xa umatshini we-DC welding usetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-workpiece kwi-anode kunye nentonga ye-welding kwi-cathode, ibizwa ngokuba yi-DC yoqhagamshelwano oluhle. Ngeli xesha, i-workpiece ishushu ngakumbi kwaye ifanelekile ukuwelda i-workpieces enzima kunye nenkulu;

Uqhagamshelo lwe-DC umva:Xa i-workpiece iqhagamshelwe kwi-cathode kwaye intonga ye-welding ixhunyiwe kwi-anode, ibizwa ngokuba yi-DC reverse connection. Ngeli xesha, i-workpiece ishushu kancinci kwaye ifanelekile ukuwelda ii-workpieces ezincinci kunye ezincinci. Xa usebenzisa umatshini we-welding we-AC we-welding, akukho ngxaki yoxhumo oluhle okanye olubi ngenxa ye-polarity etshintshanayo yezibonda ezimbini.

Inkqubo ye-metallurgical ye-welding ibandakanya ukusebenzisana phakathi kwetsimbi ye-liquid, i-slag, kunye negesi kwinkqubo ye-arc welding, eyona nkqubo ye-metal remelting. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobungcali beemeko ze-welding, inkqubo ye-welding chemical metallurgy ineempawu ezahlukileyo kwiinkqubo zokunyibilikisa ngokubanzi.

Okokuqala, ubushushu be-metallurgical of welding buphezulu, umda wesigaba mkhulu, kwaye isantya sokuphendula siphezulu. Xa umoya uhlasela i-arc, isinyithi esilulwelo siya kungena kwi-oxidation eyomeleleyo kunye neempendulo ze-nitriding, kunye nesixa esikhulu somphunga wesinyithi. Amanzi asemoyeni, kunye neeathom zehydrogen ezibolileyo kwi-oyile, umhlwa, kunye namanzi kwindawo yokusebenza kunye nezinto zokuwelda kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu e-arc, zinokunyibilika kwintsimbi engamanzi, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni kweplastikhi edibeneyo kunye nokuqina (i-hydrogen. embrittlement), kwanokwakheka iintanda.

Okwesibini, i-welding pool incinci kwaye ipholisa ngokukhawuleza, okwenza kube nzima kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-metallurgical reactions ukufikelela kwi-equilibrium. Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali ze-weld azilingani, kwaye iigesi, i-oxides, njl njl kwi-pool ayikwazi ukudada ngexesha, elinokuthi lenze kalula iziphene ezifana ne-pores, inclusions ye-slag, kunye nokuqhekeka.

Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-arc welding, la manyathelo alandelayo adla ngokuthathwa:

• Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-welding, ukhuseleko lomatshini lunikezelwa kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuze ihlukanise nomoya. Kukho iindlela ezintathu zokukhusela: ukukhuselwa kwegesi, ukukhuselwa kwe-slag, kunye ne-gas slag ukhuseleko oludibeneyo.

2 umyalelo wokuphelisa i-FeO kwi-pool ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding kunye nokuhlawulela ukulahlekelwa kwezinto ezidibeneyo. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ze-arc welding

I-arc i-arc welding i-melting electrode welding method esebenzisa i-granular flux njengendlela yokukhusela kwaye ifihla i-arc phantsi kwe-flux layer. Inkqubo yewelding ye-arc welding ephantsi kwamanzi inamanyathelo amathathu:

1. ngokulinganayo faka i-granular flux eyaneleyo kwi-joint ukuba ifakwe kwi-workpiece;
2. Qhagamshela izigaba ezibini zonikezelo lwamandla e-welding kwi-nozzle conductive kunye neqhekeza le-welding ngokulandelelana ukuvelisa i-arc ye-welding;
3. Yondla ngokuzenzekelayo ucingo lwe-welding kwaye uhambise i-arc ukwenza i-welding.

Iimpawu eziphambili ze-arc welding ephantsi kwamanzi zezi zilandelayo:

1. Ukusebenza kwe-arc eyodwa

• Umgangatho ophezulu we-weld, i-slag insulation enhle kunye nefuthe lokukhusela umoya, icandelo eliphambili le-arc zone yi-CO2, umxholo we-nitrogen kunye ne-oksijini kwintsimbi ye-weld iyancipha kakhulu, iiparitha ze-welding zihlengahlengiswa ngokuzenzekelayo, ukuhamba kwe-arc kumatshini, ukunyibilika. i-pool ikhona ixesha elide, i-metallurgical reaction yanele, ukuxhathisa umoya kunamandla, ngoko ukubunjwa kwe-weld kuzinzile kwaye iimpawu zomatshini zilungile;
• Iimeko ezilungileyo zokusebenza kunye ne-slag isolation arc ukukhanya kunenzuzo kwimisebenzi ye-welding; Ukuhamba ngoomatshini kubangela ukunyanzeliswa kwabasebenzi.

2. Ikholamu ye-arc amandla entsimi yombane iphezulu kunaleyo yegesi yentsimbi ye-arc welding, kwaye inezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• ukusebenza kakuhle kohlengahlengiso lwezixhobo. Ngenxa yamandla aphezulu ombane, uvakalelo lwenkqubo yokulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo luphezulu, oluphucula ukuzinza kwenkqubo ye-welding;
• Umda ongaphantsi we-welding current uphezulu kakhulu.

3. Ngenxa yobude obufutshane be-conductive yocingo lwe-welding, ukuxinana kwangoku kunye nokwangoku kwanda kakhulu, okubangelwa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Oku kuphucula kakhulu amandla okungena kwe-arc kunye nesantya sokubeka i-welding wire; Ngenxa yempembelelo yokufakelwa kwe-thermal ye-flux kunye ne-slag, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal kunyuka kakhulu, okukhokelela ekunyuseni okukhulu kwisantya se-welding.

Ubungakanani besicelo:

Ngenxa yokungena okunzulu, imveliso ephezulu, kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokusebenza koomatshini be-arc welding entywilayo, ifanelekile ukuwelda i-welds emide yezakhiwo zepleyiti eziphakathi kunye nezityebileyo. Inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ekwakhiweni kweenqanawa, kwibhoyila kunye noxinzelelo lwenqanawa, ibhulorho, oomatshini abatyebileyo, izakhiwo zezityalo zamandla enyukliya, izakhiwo zaselwandle, izixhobo kunye namanye amacandelo okuvelisa, kwaye yenye yeendlela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimveliso ye-welding namhlanje. Ukongeza kokusetyenziselwa ukudibanisa amacandelo kwizakhiwo zetsimbi, i-arc welding ephantsi kwamanzi inokuphinda i-weld-resistant-resistant or corrosion-resistant alloy layers kumphezulu wesiseko sesinyithi. Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-welding metallurgy kunye netekhnoloji yokuvelisa izinto zokuwelda, izinto ezinokuthi zidityaniswe ngokuntywiliselwa kwe-arc entywilayo ziye zavela kwi-carbon structural iron ukuya kwi-low-alloy structural iron, intsimbi engatyiwayo, intsimbi enganyangekiyo kubushushu, kunye nezinye ezingezizo isinyithi. ezifana ne-nickel based alloys, i-titanium alloys, i-alloys yobhedu, njl.

Ngenxa yeempawu zayo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunemida ethile, ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba:

• ukulinganiselwa kwisithuba welding. Ngenxa yokugcinwa kwe-flux, i-arc welding ephantsi kwamanzi isetyenziselwa ukuwelda i-welds ethe tyaba kunye nesezantsi ngaphandle kwemilinganiselo ekhethekileyo, kwaye ayinakusetyenziselwa i-welding ethe tye, ethe nkqo nangaphezulu.
• Umda wezinto zokuwelda kukuba azikwazi ukuwelda isinyithi esine-oxidizing kakhulu kunye ne-alloys ezifana ne-aluminiyam kunye ne-titanium, kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukuwelda isinyithi se-ferrous;
• Ilungele kuphela ukuwelda kunye nokusika ii-welds ezinde, kwaye ayikwazi ukuwelda i-welds eneendawo ezilinganiselweyo zendawo;
• Ayikwazi ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo i-arc;

(5) Ayifanelekanga ipleyiti encinci kunye ne-welding ephantsi yangoku.