Kenyelletso ea Tsebo ea Motheo le Theknoloji ea Submerged Arc Welding

Arc ea motlakase:ketsahalo e matla le e phehellang ea ho ntša khase moo ho nang le matla a itseng pakeng tsa li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe, 'me sebaka sa khase pakeng tsa li-electrode tse peli se lokela ho ba boemong ba ionized. Ha o hotetsa arc welding, hangata e etsoa ka ho hokahanya li-electrode tse peli (elektrode e le 'ngoe e le sesebelisoa sa mosebetsi le elektrode e' ngoe e le terata ea tšepe ea ho tlatsa kapa molamu oa welding) ho phepelo ea motlakase, ho ikopanya ka bokhutšoanyane le ho arohana kapele. Ha li-electrode tse peli li kopana, ho etsahala potoloho e khutšoanyane, e etsang arc. Mokhoa ona o bitsoa contact arcing. Ka mor'a hore arc e thehoe, ha feela motlakase o boloka phapang e itseng e ka bang teng pakeng tsa lipalo tse peli, ho chesa ha arc ho ka bolokoa.

Litšobotsi tsa Arc:matla a tlaase, hona joale, mocheso o phahameng, matla a matla a matla, ho tsamaea hantle, joalo-joalo. litlhoko tsa tjheseletsa tsa workpieces fapaneng. Thempereichara ea arc e ka fihla ho feta 5000K mme e ka qhibilihisa litšepe tse fapaneng.

Sebopeho sa Arc:cathode zone, anode zone, le arc column zone.

Mohloli oa matla oa ho cheselletsa Arc:Mohloli oa matla o sebelisetsoang ho tjheseletsa arc o bitsoa mohloli oa matla oa ho cheselletsa arc, oo hangata o ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e mene: mohloli oa matla oa AC arc welding, mohloli oa matla oa welding oa DC arc, mohloli oa matla oa pulse arc welding, le mohloli oa matla oa ho cheselletsa arc inverter.

Khokahano e ntle ea DC: Ha mochine oa welding oa DC o sebelisoa ho kopanya workpiece ho anode le molamu oa welding ho cathode, e bitsoa DC positive connection. Ka nako ena, workpiece e futhumetse haholoanyane 'me e loketse ho cheselletsa li-workpieces tse teteaneng le tse kholo;

Khokahano ea morao-rao ea DC:Ha workpiece e hokahane le cathode mme molamu oa welding o amana le anode, o bitsoa DC reverse connection. Ka nako ena, workpiece ha e futhumale haholo ebile e loketse ho tjheseletsa li-workpieces tse tšesaane le tse nyane. Ha u sebelisa mochini oa ho tjheseletsa oa AC bakeng sa welding, ha ho na bothata ba khokahano e ntle kapa e mpe ka lebaka la polarity e fapaneng ea lipalo tse peli.

Metallurgical process of welding e kenyelletsa tšebelisano lipakeng tsa tšepe ea metsi, slag le khase ts'ebetsong ea welding ea arc, e leng mokhoa oa ho khutlisa tšepe. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la ho khetheha ha maemo a tjheseletsa, ts'ebetso ea tšepe ea lik'hemik'hale ea welding e na le litšobotsi tse fapaneng le lits'ebetso tse akaretsang tsa ho qhibilihisa.

Ea pele, mocheso oa metallurgical oa welding o phahame, moeli oa mohato o moholo, 'me lebelo la ho arabela le phahame. Ha moea o kena ka har'a arc, tšepe e nang le metsi e tla kena ka matla a oxidation le nitriding reactions, hammoho le palo e kholo ea mouoane oa tšepe. Metsi a moeeng, hammoho le liathomo tsa haedrojene decomposed ho tloha oli, mafome le metsi ka workpiece le tjheseletsa lintho tse bonahalang ka phahameng arc mocheso, ka qhala ka tšepe mokelikeli, e lebisang ho fokotseha ha polasetiki e kopanetsoeng le toughness (hydrogen. embrittlement), esita le sebopeho sa mapetsong.

Ea bobeli, Letamo la ho cheseletsa le le lenyenyane 'me le pholile ka potlako, e leng ho etsang hore ho be thata hore mekhoa e fapaneng ea metallurgical e fihlelle tekano. Motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale oa weld ha o lekane, 'me likhase, oxides, joalo-joalo ka letamo ha li khone ho phalla ka nako, tse ka etsang liphoso habonolo tse kang pores, slag inclusions, esita le mapetsong.

Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea welding ea arc, hangata mehato e latelang e nkuoa:

• Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea welding, ts'ireletso ea mechine e fanoa ho tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng ho e arola moeeng. Ho na le mekhoa e meraro ea ts'ireletso: ts'ireletso ea khase, tšireletso ea slag, le ts'ireletso e kopaneng ea khase.

(2) Phekolo ea tšepe ea letamo la tjheseletsa e etsoa haholo-holo ka ho eketsa palo e itseng ea deoxidizer (haholo-holo manganese tšepe le silicon iron) le palo e itseng ea likarolo tsa motsoako ho lisebelisoa tsa ho tjheseletsa (letlapa la electrode, terata ea welding, flux), ka taelo ea ho felisa FeO ho tloha letamong nakong ea ts'ebetso ea welding le ho lefella tahlehelo ea likarolo tsa alloying. Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea li-arc welding

Submerged arc welding ke mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha oa electrode o sebelisang granular flux e le mokhoa o sireletsang 'me o pata arc tlas'a lera la flux. Ts'ebetso ea welding ea welding ea arc e ka tlas'a metsi e na le mehato e meraro:

1. ka mokhoa o ts'oanang beha phallo e lekaneng ea granular lenonyeletsong hore e kenngoe holim'a workpiece;
2. Hokela methati e 'meli ea phepelo ea matla ea tjheseletsa ho nozzle ea conductive le sekotoana sa welding ka ho latellana ho hlahisa arc welding;
3. Fepa terata ea welding ka boiketsetso 'me u tsamaise arc ho etsa welding.

Litšobotsi tsa mantlha tsa welding ea arc e ka tlas'a metsi ke tse latelang:

1. Ts'ebetso e ikhethang ea arc

• Boleng bo phahameng ba weld, ts'ireletso e ntle ea slag le ts'ireletso ea moea, karolo ea mantlha ea sebaka sa arc ke CO2, naetrojene le oksijene ka har'a tšepe ea weld li fokotsehile haholo, li-parameter tsa welding li fetoloa ka bo eona, ho tsamaea ha arc ho etsoa ka mechini, ho qhibilihisoa. letamo le teng ka nako e telele, karabelo ea metallurgic e lekane, ho hanyetsa moea ho matla, kahoo sebopeho sa weld se tsitsitse 'me thepa ea mechine e ntle;
• Maemo a matle a ho sebetsa le khanya ea arc ea ho itšehla thajana ea slag e molemo bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea welding; Ho tsamaea ka mechine ho fella ka ho fokotseha ha matla a mosebetsi.

2. Matla a sebaka sa motlakase a arc a phahame ho feta a arc welding ea tšepe, 'me e na le litšobotsi tse latelang:

• tshebetso e ntle ya ho lokisa thepa. Ka lebaka la matla a maholo a matla a motlakase, kutloisiso ea mokhoa oa ho fetola othomathike o phahame, e leng ho ntlafatsang botsitso ba ts'ebetso ea welding;
• Moeli o tlase oa hona joale oa welding o batla o phahame.

3. Ka lebaka la bolelele ba conductive bo khutsufalitsoeng ba terata ea welding, sekhahla sa hona joale le sa hona joale se eketseha haholo, se fella ka katleho e phahameng ea tlhahiso. Sena se ntlafatsa haholo bokhoni ba ho kenella ha arc le sekhahla sa ho beoa ha terata ea welding; Ka lebaka la phello ea mocheso oa mocheso oa flux le slag, katleho ea mocheso ka kakaretso e eketsehile haholo, e leng se fellang ka keketseho e kholo ea lebelo la welding.

Sebaka sa ts'ebeliso:

Ka lebaka la ho kenella ka botebo, tlhahiso e phahameng, le tekanyo e phahameng ea ts'ebetso ea mochine oa ho tjheseletsa arc ka tlas'a metsi, e loketse bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa li-welds tse telele tsa mehaho ea lipoleiti tse mahareng le tse teteaneng. E na le mefuta e mengata ea likopo tsa ho aha likepe, boiler le seketsoana sa khatello, borokho, mochini o boima bo feteletseng, meaho ea setsi sa matla a nyutlelie, meaho ea leoatle, libetsa le likarolo tse ling tsa tlhahiso, 'me ke e' ngoe ea mekhoa e sebelisoang haholo ho tjheseletsa tlhahiso ea li-welding kajeno. Ntle le ho sebelisoa bakeng sa ho hokahanya likarolo tsa meaho ea tšepe, welding ea arc e ka tlas'a metsi e ka boela ea tjheseletsa likarolo tsa alloy tse sa senyeheng kapa tse sa jeng holim'a tšepe ea motheo. Ka nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea ho tjheseletsa metallurgy le theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa welding, lisebelisoa tse ka chesetsoang ka li-arc tse ka tlas'a metsi li fetohile ho tloha ho tšepe ea sebopeho sa khabone ho ea ho tšepe e tlase ea alloy, tšepe e sa hloekang, tšepe e sa cheseheng mocheso, le litšepe tse ling tse se nang tšepe. joalo ka li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel, li-alloys tsa titanium, li-alloys tsa koporo, jj.

Ka lebaka la litšobotsi tsa eona, ts'ebeliso ea eona e boetse e na le meeli e itseng, haholo-holo ka lebaka la:

• mefokolo ea boemo ba welding. Ka lebaka la ho bolokoa ha flux, welding ea arc e ka tlas'a metsi e sebelisoa haholo ho tjheseletsa li-welds tse tšekaletseng le tse tlase ntle le mehato e khethehileng, 'me e ke ke ea sebelisoa bakeng sa welding e otlolohileng, e otlolohileng le e holimo.
• Meeli ea lisebelisoa tsa ho cheselletsa ke hore ha li khone ho tjheseletsa litšepe tse nang le oxidizing haholo joalo ka aluminium le titanium, 'me li sebelisoa haholo ho tjheseletsa litšepe tse entsoeng ka tšepe;
• E loketse feela bakeng sa ho cheselletsa le ho seha li-welds tse telele, 'me e ke ke ea e-ba li-welds tse nang le maemo a fokolang a sebaka;
• Ha e khone ho shebella arc ka ho toba;

(5) Ha e loketse poleiti e tšesaane le welding e tlase ea hona joale.