Nhanganyaya kune Yekutanga Ruzivo uye Tekinoroji ye Submerged Arc Welding

Electric arc:chinhu chakasimba uye chinoramba chichibuda gasi chiitiko umo mune imwe voltage pakati pezvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka electrodes, uye gasi repakati pakati pemagetsi maviri rinofanira kunge riri mune ionized state. Paunenge uchibatidza arc welding, inowanzoitwa nekubatanidza maelectrode maviri (imwe electrode iri iyo workpiece uye imwe electrode iri filler metal wire kana welding rod) kune magetsi, kubata kwenguva pfupi uye nekukurumidza kupatsanura. Kana ma electrode maviri asangana, dunhu diki rinoitika, richigadzira arc. Iyi nzira inonzi contact arcing. Mushure mekunge arc yaumbwa, chero bedzi simba rekushandisa richichengetedza imwe inogona kusiyana pakati pematanda maviri, kupisa kwearc kunogona kuchengetedzwa.

Arc maitiro:low voltage, high current, high temperature, high energy density, kufamba zvakanaka, etc. Kazhinji, voltage ye 20-30V inogona kuchengetedza kupisa kwakadzikama kwearc, uye ikozvino mu arc inogona kubva kumakumi kusvika kuzviuru zveamperes kusangana. izvo zvekushongedza zvinodiwa zveakasiyana workpieces. Tembiricha yearc inogona kusvika pamusoro pe5000K uye inogona kunyungudutsa simbi dzakasiyana.

Arc kuumbwa:cathode zone, anode zone, uye arc column zone.

Arc welding simba sosi:Iyo magetsi sosi inoshandiswa pakushongedza arc inonzi arc welding simba sosi, iyo inogona kazhinji kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina: AC arc welding simba sosi, DC arc welding simba sosi, pulse arc welding simba sosi, uye inverter arc welding simba sosi.

DC positive connection: Kana DC welding muchina uchishandiswa kubatanidza workpiece kune anode uye welding tsvimbo kune cathode, inonzi DC positive connection. Panguva ino, workpiece inopisa zvakanyanya uye inokodzera welding makobvu uye makuru workpieces;

DC reverse connection:Kana iyo workpiece yakabatana kune cathode uye welding tsvimbo yakabatana kune anode, inonzi DC reverse connection. Panguva ino, workpiece haina kupisa uye inokodzera welding matete uye madiki workpieces. Paunenge uchishandisa AC welding muchina we welding, hapana dambudziko rekubatana kwakanaka kana kwakashata nekuda kwekuchinjika polarity yemapango maviri.

Iyo metallurgical process ye welding inosanganisira kudyidzana pakati pemvura yesimbi, slag, uye gasi mune arc welding process, inova maitiro ekudzoreredza simbi. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekusarudzika kwemamiriro ewelding, iyo welding kemikari metallurgy process ine hunhu hwakasiyana kubva kune general smelting maitiro.

Chekutanga, tembiricha yemetallurgical yewelding yakakwira, muganho wechikamu wakakura, uye kumhanya kwekuita kwakakwira. Kana mhepo ikapinda muarc, iyo simbi yemvura inopinda yakasimba oxidation uye nitriding reactions, pamwe nehuwandu hukuru hwesimbi evaporation. Mvura iri mumhepo, pamwe nemaatomu ehaidrojeni akaora kubva mumafuta, ngura, uye mvura muchikamu chebasa uye chelding zvinhu patembiricha yakakwira arc, inogona kunyungudika musimbi yemvura, zvichiita kuti kuderera kwekubatana kwepurasitiki uye kuoma (hydrogen. embrittlement), uye kunyange kuumbwa kwekutsemuka.

Chechipiri, dziva rewelding idiki uye rinotonhora nekukurumidza, zvichiita kuti zviome kune dzakasiyana siyana metallurgical reactions kusvika pakuenzana. Mushonga wekemikari we weld hauna kuenzana, uye magasi, oxides, nezvimwewo mudziva haigoni kutenderera kunze nenguva, iyo inogona kuumba nyore kukanganisa zvakadai se pores, slag inclusions, uye kunyange kuputika.

Munguva yearc welding process, anotevera matanho anowanzo kutorwa:

• Munguva yewelding process, mechanical protection inopiwa kune yakanyungudutswa simbi kuti iparadzanise kubva kumhepo. Kune nzira nhatu dzekudzivirira: gasi kuchengetedza, slag chengetedzo, uye gasi slag yakasanganiswa kuchengetedza.

(2) Metallurgical kurapwa kwechidziva chewelding inonyanya kuitwa nekuwedzera imwe huwandu hwe deoxidizer (kunyanya manganese iron uye silicon iron) uye humwe huwandu hwezvinhu zvinosanganiswa kune welding zvinhu (electrode coating, welding wire, flux), mu kuraira kubvisa FeO kubva padziva panguva yewelding process uye kutsiva kurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvealloying. Common arc welding nzira

Submerged arc welding inzira yekunyungudutsa electrode welding inoshandisa granular flux senge inodzivirira svikiro uye inovanza arc pasi pe flux layer. Iyo welding process ye submerged arc welding ine matanho matatu:

1. zvakaenzana dhiponisa yakakwana granular flux pajoini kuti isungirwe pane workpiece;
2. Batanidza nhanho mbiri dzewelding simba rekupa kune conductive nozzle uye welding chidimbu zvichiteerana kugadzira welding arc;
3. Otomatiki dyisa waya yewelding uye fambisa arc kuita welding.

Hunhu hukuru hwekunyudzwa kwearc welding ndeaya anotevera:

1. Yakasarudzika arc performance

• Yakakwira weld mhando, yakanaka slag insulation uye mhepo yekudzivirira maitiro, chikamu chikuru chearc zone ndeye CO2, iyo nitrogen uye okisijeni yemukati mune weld simbi inoderedzwa zvakanyanya, iyo welding maparamendi anogadziriswa otomatiki, iyo arc kufamba inogadzirwa, iyo yakanyungudutswa. dziva riripo kwenguva yakareba, iyo metallurgical reaction yakakwana, kupikisa kwemhepo kwakasimba, saka weld composition yakagadzikana uye mechanical properties yakanaka;
• Mamiriro ekushanda akanaka uye slag isolation arc mwenje inobatsira pakuita welding; Kufamba nemichina kunoguma nekuderera kwekushanda nesimba.

2. Iyo arc column yemagetsi munda simba yakakwira kupfuura iyo gasi simbi arc welding, uye ine zvinotevera maitiro:

• yakanaka midziyo kugadzirisa kuita. Pamusana pesimba guru remagetsi emagetsi, kunzwisiswa kweiyo otomatiki kugadzirisa system yakakwirira, iyo inovandudza kugadzikana kweiyo welding process;
• Iyo yakaderera muganhu we welding ikozvino yakakwira.

3. Nekuda kwekupfupika conductive kureba kwewaya yewelding, iyo yazvino uye yazvino density yakawedzera zvakanyanya, zvichikonzera kukwirira kwekugadzira. Izvi zvinovandudza zvakanyanya kugona kwearc kupinza uye deposition rate yewaya yewelding; Nekuda kweiyo thermal insulation mhedzisiro ye flux uye slag, iyo yakazara yekupisa inoshanda yakawedzera zvakanyanya, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwekumhanya kwewelding.

Chikamu chekushandisa:

Nekuda kwekupinda kwakadzika, kugadzirwa kwepamusoro, uye dhigirii repamusoro remakinari ekushanda kwearc welding yakanyura, yakanakira welding marefu welds epakati uye akakora ndiro zvimiro. Iyo ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekushandisa mukuvaka ngarava, boiler uye kumanikidza ngarava, bhiriji, yakawandisa michina, nyukireya magetsi ekudyara zvimiro, zvivakwa zvemugungwa, zvombo uye mamwe masekete ekugadzira, uye ndiyo imwe yeinonyanya kushandiswa nzira dzewelding mukugadzira welding nhasi. Pamusoro pekushandiswa kubatanidza zvinhu muzvimiro zvesimbi, yakanyura arc welding inogona zvakare kukwenenzverwa kusapfeka-resistant kana corrosion-resistant alloy layers pamusoro pesimbi yepasi. Nekuvandudzwa kwe tekinoroji yekugadzira simbi uye tekinoroji yekugadzira zvinhu, zvinhu zvinogona kusungwa neyakanyura arc welding zvakashanduka kubva kucarbon structural simbi kuenda kune yakaderera-alloy simbi yekuvaka, simbi isina simbi, simbi inodzivirira kupisa, uye mamwe masimbi asina ferrous. senge nickel based alloys, titanium alloys, copper alloys, nezvimwe.

Nekuda kwehunhu hwayo, mashandisirwo ayo anewo zvimwe zvinogumira, kunyanya nekuda kwe:

• welding chinzvimbo zvisingakwanisi. Nekuda kwekuchengetwa kweiyo flux, yakanyura arc welding inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira yakachinjika uye yakadzika chinzvimbo welds pasina matanho akakosha, uye haigone kushandiswa kune yakachinjika, yakatwasuka, uye kumusoro welding.
• Kuganhurirwa kwezvinhu zvewelding ndezvekuti hazvigone kupinza simbi dzinopisa zvakanyanya uye alloys zvakaita sealuminium uye titanium, uye dzinonyanya kushandiswa kukwenenzvera simbi dzine ferrous;
• Chete chakakodzera kukwirisa uye kucheka marefu welds, uye haigone weld welds ine mashoma nzvimbo nzvimbo;
• Haikwanise kuona zvakananga arc;

(5) Haina kukodzera ndiro yakaonda uye yakaderera ikozvino welding.