Nkhani Zisanu ndi Zinai Zazikulu Pakuwotcherera Zitsulo Zosapanga dzimbiri

1. Kodi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi asidi zosapanga dzimbiri ndi ziti?

Yankho: Zomwe zili mu gawo lalikulu la "chromium" muzitsulo zachitsulo (ndi kuwonjezera kwa zinthu zina monga faifi tambala ndi molybdenum) zimatha kupanga chitsulo kukhala chosasunthika komanso kukhala ndi makhalidwe osapanga dzimbiri. Chitsulo chosamva acid chimatanthawuza chitsulo chomwe sichichita dzimbiri m'njira zowononga kwambiri monga asidi, alkali, ndi mchere.

2. Kodi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic ndi chiyani? Kodi magiredi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ati?

Yankho: Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic ndi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo chimakhala ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo:

Mndandanda wa 18-8: 0Cr19Ni9 (304) 0Cr18Ni8 (308)
18-12 mndandanda: 00Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti (316L)
25-13 mndandanda: 0Cr25Ni13 (309)
25-20 mndandanda: 0Cr25Ni20, etc

3. N'chifukwa chiyani pali vuto linalake laukadaulo powotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri?

Yankho: The waukulu ndondomeko zovuta ndi:
1) Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi mphamvu zotentha, zokhala ndi nthawi yayitali pang'ono kutentha kwa 450-850 ℃, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa ma welds ndi madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi kutentha.
2) Imakonda kuphulika kwa kutentha.
3) Chitetezo chochepa komanso kutentha kwambiri kwa okosijeni.
4) Coefficient ya kukula kwa mzere ndi yayikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwakukulu.

4. Chifukwa chiyani miyeso yogwira ntchito ndiyofunikira pakuwotcherera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic?
1) Sankhani mosamalitsa zida zowotcherera potengera kapangidwe kake kazinthu zoyambira.
2) Yaing'ono yamakono, kuwotcherera Quick; Mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono imachepetsa kutentha.
3) Waya wowotcherera wam'mimba mwake ndi ma elekitirodi, osagwedezeka, osanjikiza angapo komanso kuwotcherera kodutsa.
4) Kuzizira kokakamiza kwa ma welds ndi madera okhudzidwa ndi kutentha kuti muchepetse nthawi yokhala pa 450-850 ℃.
5) TIG kuwotcherera msoko kumbuyo chitetezo argon.
6) Msoko wowotcherera ukalumikizana ndi sing'anga yowononga umakhala wowotcherera.
7) Chithandizo cha Passivation cha welds ndi madera okhudzidwa ndi kutentha.

5. N'chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika kugwiritsa ntchito 25-13 mndandanda kuwotcherera waya ndi elekitirodi kuwotcherera austenitic zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo, mpweya zitsulo, ndi otsika aloyi zitsulo (zosiyana zitsulo kuwotcherera)?

Yankho: Pakuti kuwotcherera dissimilar zitsulo olowa kulumikiza austenitic zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo ndi mpweya zitsulo ndi otsika aloyi zitsulo, waikamo zitsulo wa weld ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito 25-13 mndandanda kuwotcherera mawaya (309, 309L) ndi kuwotcherera ndodo (Ao312, Ao307, etc.) . Ngati zida zina zowotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kapangidwe ka martensitic kadzapangidwa pamzere wophatikizika wa chitsulo cha carbon ndi low-alloy steel, zomwe zidzadzetsa ming'alu yozizira.

6. N'chifukwa chiyani mpweya wotetezera wa 98% Ar + 2% O2 umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa waya wolimba wosapanga dzimbiri?

Yankho: Mukamagwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera kwachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha MIG, ngati chitetezo cha gasi cha argon chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kugwedezeka kwa pamwamba pa dziwe losungunuka kumakhala kwakukulu, mapangidwe a weld ndi osauka, ndipo mawonekedwe a weld ndi "hunchback". Onjezani okosijeni wa 1-2% kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwa dziwe losungunuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe osalala komanso owoneka bwino.

7. N'chifukwa chiyani pamwamba pa olimba zosapanga dzimbiri kuwotcherera waya MIG weld kukhala wakuda?

Yankho: Wolimba zosapanga dzimbiri waya kuwotcherera MIG ali mofulumira kuwotcherera liwiro (30-60cm/mphindi), ndi zoteteza mpweya nozzle kale anathamangira kutsogolo osungunuka dziwe dera. Kuwotcherera kukadali pamalo otentha otentha kwambiri, okosijeni ndi mpweya, ndipo pamwamba pake kumapanga ma oxides, zomwe zimapangitsa weld kukhala wakuda. Njira ya pickling passivation imatha kuchotsa khungu lakuda ndikubwezeretsanso mtundu woyamba wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

8. Chifukwa chiyani waya wowotcherera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri amafunikira magetsi osunthika kuti akwaniritse kusintha kwa jet ndi kuwotcherera kwaulere?

Yankho: Pamene ntchito olimba zosapanga dzimbiri waya kwa MIG kuwotcherera, ndi awiri a 1.2 waya, kusintha kwa ndege kungapezeke pamene panopa ine ndi ≥ 260-280A; Madontho omwe ali pansi pa mtengo umenewu amatengedwa ngati kusintha kwafupipafupi, ndikuphwanyidwa kwakukulu ndipo kawirikawiri sangagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pokhapokha pogwiritsa ntchito pulsed MIG magetsi ndi kugunda kwapano kuposa 300A komwe kungatheke kusintha kwa madontho pansi pa kuwotcherera mafunde a 80-260A popanda kuwotcherera kwa spatter.

9. N'chifukwa chiyani CO2 chitetezero gasi ntchito flux cored zosapanga dzimbiri mawaya kuwotcherera? Kodi simukufunika magetsi okhala ndi ma pulses?

Yankho: Pakalipano, mawaya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri (monga 308, 309, ndi zina zotero) ali ndi njira yowonongeka yomwe imapangidwa potengera kutsekemera kwazitsulo zazitsulo zomwe zimapangidwa pansi pa chitetezo cha mpweya wa CO2, kotero sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito powotcherera MAG kapena MIG. ; Mphamvu zowotcherera za Pulse arc sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito.