Mitundu 7 ya Zowonongeka ndi Njira Zopewera mu Aluminium Alloy Welding

1. Kuwotcherera porosity

Pa kuwotcherera, pores opangidwa ndi thovu zotsalira mu dziwe wosungunuka kuti amalephera kuthawa pa solidification.

Chifukwas:

1) Pamwamba pazitsulo zoyambira kapena waya wowotcherera amadetsedwa ndi mafuta, filimu ya oxide siyitsukidwa bwino, kapena kuwotcherera sikuchitika munthawi yake mutatha kuyeretsa.

2) Chiyero cha gasi wotetezera sichikwanira mokwanira, ndipo zotsatira zotetezera ndizosauka.

3) Dongosolo loperekera mpweya silowuma kapena lotayirira mpweya kapena madzi.

4) Kusankhidwa kolakwika kwa magawo a ndondomeko yowotcherera.

5) Kusatetezedwa kwa mpweya panthawi yowotcherera komanso kuthamanga kwambiri.

Njira zopewera:

1) Tsukani bwino malo owotcherera ndi waya wowotcherera musanayambe kuwotcherera.

2) Gasi wodzitetezera ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo ukhondo uyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira.

3) Njira yoperekera gasi iyenera kukhala yowuma kuti ipewe kutuluka kwa mpweya ndi madzi.

4) Kusankhidwa kwa magawo opangira kuwotcherera kuyenera kukhala koyenera.

5) Samalani kusunga malo olondola pakati pa nyali yowotcherera, waya wowotcherera, ndi chogwirira ntchito, ndipo nyali yowotcherera iyenera kukhala yofanana ndi chogwirira ntchito momwe mungathere;

Yesani kugwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera kwa arc yayifupi, ndipo mtunda wapakati pa nozzle ndi workpiece uyenera kuyendetsedwa pa 10-15 mm;

Nyali yowotcherera iyenera kusuntha mofulumira molunjika, ndipo electrode ya tungsten iyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi pakati pa msoko wowotcherera, ndipo waya ayenera kudyetsedwa mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo pa liwiro lokhazikika;

Payenera kukhala malo otetezedwa ndi mphepo pamalo owotcherera, ndipo pasakhale mpweya wotuluka.

Zigawo zowotcherera ziyenera kutenthedwa bwino; Samalani ndi kuyambika kwa arc ndikuyimitsa.

 

2. Kupanda malowedwe ndi maphatikizidwe

Chodabwitsa cha kulowa kosakwanira pa kuwotcherera kumatchedwa kusakwanira kulowa.

Chigawo chomwe weld bead sichimasungunuka kwathunthu ndi kugwirizana ndi chitsulo choyambira kapena pakati pa mikanda yowotcherera imatchedwa kusakwanira kosakwanira.

Chifukwas:

1) Kuwotcherera pakali pano ndikotsika kwambiri, arc ndi yayitali kwambiri, liwiro la kuwotcherera ndilothamanga kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kwa preheating ndikotsika.

2) Kusiyana kwa msoko wowotcherera ndi wocheperako, m'mphepete mwake ndi waukulu kwambiri, ndipo mbali yake ndi yaying'ono kwambiri.

3) Kuchotsa okusayidi pamwamba pa chigawo chowotcherera ndi pakati pa zigawo zowotcherera sizoyera.

4) Osadziŵa bwino njira zogwirira ntchito, osatha kumvetsetsa nthawi yabwino yodyetsera waya.

Njira zopewera:

1) Sankhani zoyenera kuwotcherera magawo panopa. Pamene kuwotcherera mbale wandiweyani preheat workpiece kuti 80-120 ℃ pamaso kuwotcherera kuonetsetsa kuti workpiece kutentha akwaniritsa zofunika kuwotcherera.

2) Sankhani mipata yoyenera yowotcherera yolumikizirana ndi ma groove.

3) Limbikitsani kuyeretsa kwa oxides pamwamba pa zigawo zowotcherera komanso pakati pa zigawo zowotcherera.

4) Kulimbikitsa ukadaulo wowotcherera wowotcherera uyenera kuweruza molondola momwe kusungunuka kwa poyambira kapena kuwotcherera kosanjikiza pamwamba, ndikugwiritsa ntchito pakali pano (nthawi zambiri, dziwe loyera ndi lowala losungunuka liyenera kupezeka pamalo owotcherera mkati mwa masekondi 5 pambuyo pa kuyatsa kwa arc, ndi kuwotcherera mawaya akhoza kuwonjezeredwa panthawiyi) kuti muwotchere mwachangu ndikudyetsa mwachangu ndi waya wocheperako. Kuwotcherera mosamala kumatha kupewa kuchitika kwa kulowa kosakwanira ndi kuphatikizika.

 

3. Luma m'mphepete

Pambuyo kuwotcherera, polowera concave pa mphambano zitsulo m'munsi ndi weld m'mphepete amatchedwa undercutting.

Chifukwas:

1) Njira zowotcherera ndi zazikulu kwambiri, zowotcherera pano ndizokwera kwambiri, voteji ya arc ndiyokwera kwambiri, ndipo kuyika kwa kutentha ndikokulirapo.

2) Ngati liwiro la kuwotcherera lili mwachangu kwambiri ndipo waya wowotcherera wasiya dziwe losungunuka musanadzaze dzenje la arc, kutsika kumatha kuchitika.

3) Kugwedezeka kosagwirizana kwa nyali yowotcherera, kuwotcherera kwamfuti pakuwotcherera, komanso kugwedezeka kosayenera kungayambitsenso.

Njira zopewera:

1) Sinthani ndi kuchepetsa kuwotcherera panopa kapena arc voteji.

2) Moyenera onjezerani liwiro la mawaya kapena kuchepetsa liwiro la kuwotcherera ndikukhala m'mphepete mwa dziwe losungunuka kuti mkanda wowotcherera ukhale wodzaza.

3) Kuchepetsa m'lifupi mwake kusungunula moyenerera, kukulitsa kuya kwa kusungunula, ndikuwongolera gawo la weld seam kumakhudza kwambiri kupondereza zolakwika zoluma m'mphepete.

4) Ntchito yowotcherera iyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mfuti yowotcherera imayenda mofanana.

 

4. Chithunzi cha Tungsten

Zonyansa zopanda zitsulo zomwe zimatsalira muzitsulo zowotcherera panthawi yowotcherera zimatchedwa slag inclusions. Ma elekitirodi a tungsten amasungunuka ndikugwera mu dziwe losungunuka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magetsi kapena kugunda ndi waya wowotcherera wa workpiece, zomwe zimapangitsa kuphatikizidwa kwa tungsten.

Chifukwas:

1) Kuyeretsa kosakwanira musanayambe kuwotcherera kumapangitsa kuti makutidwe ndi okosijeni asungunuke kumapeto kwa waya wowotcherera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti slag ilowe.

2) Kusankhidwa kolakwika kwa mawonekedwe ndi kuwotcherera magawo kumapeto kwa tungsten electrode kunayambitsa kuwotcha kwa mapeto ndi mapangidwe a tungsten inclusions.

3) Waya wowotcherera adalumikizana ndi electrode ya tungsten ndipo mpweya wa okosijeni unagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika.

Njira zopewera:

1) Njira zoyeretsera zamakina ndi mankhwala zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa ma oxides ndi dothi pa poyambira ndi waya wowotcherera; Kuwotchera kwa ma frequency pulse arc kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo malekezero osungunuka a waya wowotcherera nthawi zonse amakhala m'malo otetezedwa.

2) The kuwotcherera panopa ayenera kufanana mawonekedwe a tungsten elekitirodi mapeto.

3) Limbikitsani luso la magwiridwe antchito, pewani kulumikizana pakati pa waya wowotcherera ndi ma elekitirodi a tungsten, ndikusintha gasi wa inert.

 

5. Kuwotcha

Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kwa dziwe losungunuka komanso kuchedwa kudzaza waya, chitsulo chosungunula chowotcherera chimatuluka mu poyambira ndikupanga chilema choboola.

Chifukwas:

1) Kuwotcherera kwambiri panopa.

2) Kuthamanga kwa kuwotcherera ndikodekha kwambiri.

3) Fomu ya groove ndi chilolezo cha msonkhano ndizosamveka.

4) Wowotchera ali ndi luso lochepa la ntchito.

Njira zopewera:

1) Kuchepetsa kuwotcherera panopa moyenera.

2) Moyenera kuwonjezera liwiro kuwotcherera.

3) Kukonzekera kwa groove kuyenera kutsata zomwe zanenedwa, ndipo kusiyana kwa msonkhano kungathe kusinthidwa kuti kuchulukitse m'mphepete mwake ndikuchepetsa kusiyana kwa mizu.

4) Bwino ntchito njira

 

6. Kuwotcha kwambiri kwa mikanda ndi oxidation

Zopangira oxidation kwambiri zimapangidwira mkati ndi kunja kwa weld bead.

Chifukwas:

1) Elekitirodi ya tungsten siimakhazikika ndi nozzle.

2) Mphamvu yachitetezo cha gasi ndi yoyipa, chiyero cha gasi ndi chochepa, ndipo kuthamanga kwake kumakhala kochepa.

3) Kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka ndilokwera kwambiri.

4) Elekitirodi ya tungsten imafikira patali kwambiri ndipo kutalika kwa arc ndi kotalika kwambiri.

Njira zopewera:

1) Sinthani concentricity pakati pa tungsten electrode ndi nozzle.

2) Onetsetsani kuti gasi ndi wangwiro ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa gasi moyenera.

3) Wonjezerani panopa moyenera, sinthani liwiro la kuwotcherera, ndikudzaza waya munthawi yake.

4) Kufupikitsa kukulitsa kwa tungsten electrode moyenera ndikuchepetsa kutalika kwa arc.

 

7. Mng'alu

Pachikoka cha kuwotcherera kupsyinjika ndi zinthu zina, kugwirizana mphamvu ya zitsulo maatomu m`dera la welded olowa awonongedwa, chifukwa mipata.

Chifukwas:

1) Zopangira zowotcherera mopanda nzeru, kuchulukira kwa ma welds, komanso kuletsa kwambiri zolumikizira zowotcherera.

2) Kukula kwa dziwe losungunuka ndilokulirapo, kutentha ndikokwera kwambiri, ndipo pali kupsya kwazinthu zambiri za alloy.

3) Arc imayimitsidwa mwachangu kwambiri, dzenje la arc silinadzazidwe mokwanira, ndipo waya wowotcherera amachotsedwa mwachangu;

4) Kuphatikizika kwa zinthu zowotcherera sikoyenera. Pamene kutentha kwa kusungunuka kwa waya wowotcherera ndikwambiri, kungayambitse ming'alu ya liquefaction m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi kutentha.

5) Kusankhidwa kolakwika kwa kapangidwe ka aloyi kwa waya wowotcherera; Pamene magnesium zili mu weld ndi zosakwana 3%, kapena chitsulo ndi pakachitsulo zonyansa kuposa malire, chizolowezi ming'alu kumawonjezeka.

6) Chigwa cha arc sichimadzazidwa ndipo ming'alu imawonekera

Njira zopewera:

1) Mapangidwe a zowotcherera amayenera kukhala omveka, ndipo makonzedwe a welds amatha kumwazikana. Ma welds ayenera kupewa kupanikizika kwambiri momwe angathere ndipo ndondomeko yowotcherera iyenera kusankhidwa moyenera.

2) Gwiritsani ntchito kawotcherera kakang'ono kapena kuwonjezera liwiro lowotcherera moyenera.

3) Njira yozimitsira arc iyenera kukhala yolondola. Mbale yotsogolera imatha kuwonjezeredwa pamalo ozimitsira arc kuti musazimitse mwachangu, kapena chipangizo chamakono chochepetsera chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza dzenje la arc.

4) Sankhani moyenera zida zowotcherera. Mapangidwe a waya wowotcherera wosankhidwa ayenera kufanana ndi zinthu zoyambira.

5) Onjezani mbale yoyambira ya arc kapena gwiritsani ntchito chipangizo chaposachedwa kuti mudzaze dzenje la arc.