Okwu mmalite nke ihe ọmụma bụ isi na teknụzụ nke ịgbado ọkụ n'ime mmiri

Akụ eletrik:ihe na-agbapụta gas siri ike ma na-adịgide adịgide nke enwere ụfọdụ voltaji n'etiti electrodes dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma, na ikuku gas n'etiti electrodes abụọ kwesịrị ịdị na steeti ionized. Mgbe ị na-agbanye arc ịgbado ọkụ, a na-eme ya site na ijikọ electrodes abụọ (otu electrode bụ workpiece na electrode nke ọzọ bụ waya igwe na-ejuputa ma ọ bụ mkpanaka ịgbado ọkụ) na ọkụ ọkụ, na-akpọtụrụ na ngwa ngwa na-ekewa. Mgbe electrodes abụọ na-abanye na ibe ha, obere sekit na-eme, na-akpụ arc. A na-akpọ usoro a kọntaktị arcing. Mgbe emechara arc ahụ, ọ bụrụhaala na ọkụ eletrik na-edobe ụfọdụ ọdịiche dị n'etiti ogwe abụọ ahụ, enwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe ọkụ ọkụ nke arc.

Njirimara Arc:obere voltaji, elu ugbu a, elu okpomọkụ, elu ike njupụta, ezi ije, wdg N'ozuzu, a voltaji nke 20-30V nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe ike combustion nke arc, na ugbu a na arc nwere ike si na iri puku kwuru iri puku amperes izute. ihe ịgbado ọkụ chọrọ nke dị iche iche workpieces. Okpomọkụ nke arc nwere ike iru ihe karịrị 5000K ma nwee ike gbazee ọla dị iche iche.

Ngwakọta Arc:mpaghara cathode, mpaghara anode, na mpaghara arc kọlụm.

Isi iyi ike ịgbado ọkụ:A na-akpọ isi iyi ike ejiri maka ịgbado ọkụ arc arc isi iyi, nke enwere ike kewaa ya ụzọ anọ: isi iyi ịgbado ọkụ AC, isi iyi ịgbado ọkụ DC, isi iyi ịgbado ọkụ pulse, na isi iyi inverter arc ịgbado ọkụ.

DC nti njikọ: Mgbe a DC ịgbado ọkụ igwe na-eji jikọọ workpiece na anode na ịgbado ọkụ mkpanaka ka cathode, ọ na-akpọ DC nti njikọ. N'oge a, workpiece na-ewe iwe karịa ma dabara adaba maka ịgbado ọkụ na nnukwu workpieces;

Njikọ azụ DC:Mgbe workpiece jikọọ na cathode na ịgbado ọkụ mkpanaka jikọọ na anode, ọ na-akpọ DC agbara njikọ. N'oge a, workpiece bụ obere kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na adabara ịgbado ọkụ mkpa na obere workpieces. Mgbe ị na-eji igwe ịgbado ọkụ AC maka ịgbado ọkụ, enweghị nsogbu nke njikọ dị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị mma n'ihi polarity ọzọ nke okporo osisi abụọ ahụ.

Usoro nhazi nke ịgbado ọkụ na-agụnye mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mmiri mmiri metal, slag, na gas na usoro ịgbado ọkụ arc, nke bụ usoro mgbaze ígwè. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi ọnọdụ ịgbado ọkụ dị iche iche, usoro ịgbado ọkụ kemịkalụ nwere njirimara dị iche iche site na usoro mgbaze n'ozuzu.

Mbụ, Igwe ọkụ metallurgical nke ịgbado ọkụ dị elu, ókèala nke oge buru ibu, yana ọsọ mmeghachi omume dị elu. Mgbe ikuku na-abanye na arc, igwe mmiri mmiri ga-enweta oxidation siri ike na mmeghachi omume nitriding, yana nnukwu ikuku nke ígwè. Mmiri dị n'ikuku, nakwa dị ka hydrogen atọm mebiri site na mmanụ, nchara, na mmiri na workpiece na ịgbado ọkụ ihe na elu arc okpomọkụ, nwere ike igbari n'ime mmiri mmiri metal, na-eduga mbelata na nkwonkwo plasticity na siri ike (hydrogen). embrittlement), na ọbụna guzobe cracks.

Nke abuo, ọdọ mmiri ịgbado ọkụ dị obere ma na-ajụkwa ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka ọ sie ike maka mmeghachi omume ọla dị iche iche iru nha. Ngwakọta kemịkalụ nke weld bụ ihe na-ezighi ezi, gas, oxides, wdg na ọdọ mmiri enweghị ike ịfe n'oge, nke nwere ike imepụta ntụpọ dị ka pores, inclusions slag, na ọbụna cracks.

N'oge usoro ịgbado ọkụ arc, a na-ejikarị usoro ndị a:

• N'oge usoro ịgbado ọkụ, a na-enye nchebe igwe na igwe a wụrụ awụ iji kewapụ ya na ikuku. Enwere ụzọ nchebe atọ: nchekwa gas, nchekwa slag na gas slag jikọtara nchebe.

(2) Metallurgical ọgwụgwọ nke ịgbado ọkụ ọdọ mmiri bụ tumadi rụrụ site na-agbakwụnye a ụfọdụ ego nke deoxidizer (tumadi manganese ígwè na silicon ígwè) na a ụfọdụ ego alloying ọcha na ihe ịgbado ọkụ (electrode mkpuchi, ịgbado ọkụ waya, flux), na iji kpochapụ FeO site na ọdọ mmiri n'oge usoro ịgbado ọkụ ma kwụọ ụgwọ maka mfu nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe. Ụzọ ịgbado ọkụ nkịtị

Ịgbado ọkụ n'okpuru mmiri bụ usoro ịgbado ọkụ electrode nke na-eji granular flux dị ka ihe nchebe ma na-ezobe arc n'okpuru oyi akwa flux. Usoro ịgbado ọkụ nke submerged arc welding nwere usoro atọ:

1. nkwụnye ego n'otu n'otu zuru oke granular flux na nkwonkwo a ga-agbado na workpiece;
2. Jikọọ abụọ nkebi nke ịgbado ọkụ ike ọkọnọ na conductive nozzle na ịgbado ọkụ ibe n'otu n'otu ka igbanye ịgbado ọkụ arc;
3. Na-enye eriri ịgbado ọkụ na-akpaghị aka ma bugharịa arc iji mee ịgbado ọkụ.

Isi njirimara nke ịgbado ọkụ arc submerged bụ ndị a:

1. Ịrụ ọrụ arc pụrụ iche

• Akwa weld mma, ezigbo mkpuchi slag na mmetụta nchebe ikuku, isi ihe dị na mpaghara arc bụ CO2, nitrogen na oxygen ọdịnaya dị na weld metal na-ebelata nke ukwuu, a na-edozi usoro ịgbado ọkụ na-akpaghị aka, a na-emezigharị arc ije, a wụrụ awụ. ọdọ mmiri dị ruo ogologo oge, mmeghachi omume metallurgical zuru oke, ikuku na-eguzogide siri ike, ya mere ihe mejupụtara weld kwụsiri ike na akụrụngwa akụrụngwa dị mma;
• Ezi ọnọdụ ọrụ na slag kewapụrụ arc ìhè bara uru maka ịgbado ọkụ ọrụ; Ije ije n'usoro eji arụ ọrụ na-ebute obere ike ọrụ.

2. Ike mpaghara arc kọlụm dị elu karịa nke ịgbado ọkụ gas metal arc, ọ nwekwara njirimara ndị a:

• ezigbo akụrụngwa mmezi arụmọrụ. N'ihi ike ọkụ eletrik dị elu, nghọta nke usoro ngbanwe akpaaka dị elu, nke na-eme ka nkwụsi ike nke usoro ịgbado ọkụ;
• Obere oke nke ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a dị oke elu.

3. N'ihi mkpụmkpụ conductive ogologo nke ịgbado ọkụ waya, ugbu a na nke ugbu a njupụta na-budata ụba, na-eme ka elu mmepụta arụmọrụ. Nke a na-eme ka ikike ntinye arc dịkwuo mma na ntinye ego nke waya ịgbado ọkụ; N'ihi mmetụta mkpuchi okpomọkụ nke flux na slag, a na-abawanye arụmọrụ okpomọkụ nke ukwuu, na-ebute mmụba dị ukwuu na ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ.

Oke ngwa:

N'ihi na miri penetration, elu arụpụtaghị ihe, na elu n'ibu ọrụ nke submerged arc ịgbado ọkụ, ọ bụ adabara ịgbado ọkụ ogologo welds nke ọkara na oké efere owuwu. Ọ nwere ngwa dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri, mmiri ọkụ na arịa nrụgide, àkwà mmiri, igwe ibu ibu, ihe owuwu ụlọ ọrụ nuklia, ihe owuwu mmiri, ngwa ọgụ na mpaghara nrụpụta ndị ọzọ, yana otu n'ime ụzọ ịgbado ọkụ na-ejikarị eme ihe na mmepụta ịgbado ọkụ taa. Na mgbakwunye na ejiri ya maka njikọta ihe dị n'ụdị ọla, ịgbado ọkụ arc nwere ike ihie nwekwara ike weld wear-eguzogide ma ọ bụ corrosion na-eguzogide alloy n'elu nke ala metal. Site na mmepe nke teknụzụ ịgbado ọkụ na teknụzụ mmepụta ihe nke ịgbado ọkụ, ihe ndị nwere ike ịgbado site na ịgbado ọkụ n'okpuru mmiri sitere na carbon structural steel gaa n'ụdị nhazi dị ala, igwe anaghị agba nchara, igwe anaghị agba nchara, na ụfọdụ ọla na-adịghị ferrous. dị ka nickel dabeere alloys, titanium alloys, ọla kọpa alloys, wdg.

N'ihi njirimara nke ya, ngwa ya nwekwara oke ụfọdụ, ọkachasị n'ihi:

• ịgbado ọkụ ọnọdụ adịghị ike. N'ihi ndowe nke nrụgharị, a na-ejikarị welding arc okpuru mmiri eme ihe maka ịgbado ọkụ n'akụkụ kwụ ọtọ na ala na-enweghị usoro pụrụ iche, enweghịkwa ike iji ya maka ịgbado ọkụ kwụ ọtọ, kwụ ọtọ na elu.
• Mmachi nke ịgbado ọkụ ihe bụ na ha enweghị ike ịgbado nke ukwuu oxidizing ọla na alloys dị ka aluminom na titanium, na-tumadi eji maka ịgbado ọkụ ferrous ọla;
• Naanị adabara maka ịgbado ọkụ na ịcha ogologo welds, na enweghị ike ịgbado welds nwere oke oghere;
• Enweghị ike ịhụ arc ozugbo;

(5) Ọ bụghị adabara mkpa efere na ala ugbu ịgbado ọkụ.