Introduction to Basic Know and Technology of Submerged Arc Welding

Pahu uila:he mea hoʻokuʻu kinoea ikaika a hoʻomau i ka mea aia kekahi volta ma waena o nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole, a ʻo ke kinoea kino ma waena o nā electrodes ʻelua e pono i kahi mokuʻāina ionized. I ka hoʻā ʻana i kahi arc welding, hana maʻamau ia ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ʻelua electrodes (hoʻokahi electrode ka mea hana a ʻo ka electrode ʻē aʻe ka uea metala hoʻopiha a i ʻole ke koʻokoʻo wili) i ka lako mana, hoʻopili pōkole a hoʻokaʻawale koke. Ke hoʻopili ʻia nā electrodes ʻelua me kekahi, hiki mai kahi kaapuni pōkole, e hana ana i kahi arc. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano hana hoʻopili ʻana. Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ke arc, ʻoiai ka mālama ʻana o ka mana i kahi ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā pou ʻelua, hiki ke mālama ʻia ka puhi ʻana o ke arc.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona Arc:ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kiʻekiʻe o kēia manawa, kiʻekiʻe ka wela, kiʻekiʻe ka ikehu, ka neʻe maikaʻi, etc. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hiki i ka volta o 20-30V ke mālama i ka hoʻopau paʻa o ka arc, a ʻo ke au i loko o ke arc hiki ke hele mai nā ʻumi a i nā tausani amperes e hui ai. nā koi wili o nā mea hana like ʻole. Hiki ke piʻi ka mahana o ke arc ma luna o 5000K a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i nā metala like ʻole.

haku mele:ʻāpana cathode, ʻāpana anode, a me ka ʻāpana kolamu arc.

ʻO ke kumu mana hoʻoheheʻe Arc:ʻO ke kumu mana i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kuʻi ʻana arc ua kapa ʻia ke kumu mana kuʻihao arc, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻehā mau ʻāpana: AC arc welding power source, DC arc welding power source, pulse arc welding power source, a inverter arc welding power source.

Hoʻohui maikaʻi DC: Ke hoʻohanaʻia ka mīkini wiliwili DC e hoʻohui i ka mea hana i ka anode a me ke koʻokoʻo kuʻi i ka cathode, ua kapaʻiaʻo DC pili pono. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka wela o ka mea hana a kūpono no ka wili ʻana i nā mea hana mānoanoa a nui;

Hoʻohui hope DC:Ke hoʻopili ʻia ka mea hana i ka cathode a hoʻopili ʻia ke koʻokoʻo welding i ka anode, ua kapa ʻia ʻo DC reverse connection. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka wela o ka mea hana a kūpono no ka wiliwili ʻana i nā mea hana lahilahi a liʻiliʻi. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka mīkini wili AC no ka wili, ʻaʻohe pilikia o ka pilina maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha ma muli o ke ʻano o ka polarity o nā pou ʻelua.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e pili ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka metala wai, slag, a me ke kinoea i loko o ke kaʻina hana kuʻi ʻana, ʻo ia ke kaʻina o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana metala. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ke ʻano o nā kūlana welding, ʻokoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe kemika mai nā kaʻina hoʻoheheʻe maʻamau.

ʻO ka mua, He kiʻekiʻe ka mahana metala o ka welding, nui ka palena o ka pae, a kiʻekiʻe ka wikiwiki o ka hopena. Ke hoʻokomo ka ea i ke arc, e loaʻa i ka metala wai ka hopena ikaika a me ka nitriding reactions, a me ka nui o ka evaporation metala. ʻO ka wai i ka lewa, a me nā hydrogen atoms decomposed mai ka ʻaila, ka ʻōpala, a me ka wai i loko o ka mea hana a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i nā mahana arc kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ka metala wai, e alakaʻi ana i ka emi ʻana o ka plasticity a me ka paʻakikī (hydrogen. embrittlement), a me ka hana ʻana o nā māwae.

ʻO ka lua, li'ili'i ka wai wiliwili a ma'alili koke, e pa'akikī ana i nā hopena metala like 'ole e hiki i ke kaulike. ʻAʻole like ka hui ʻana o ka weld, a ʻo nā kinoea, oxides, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka loko wai ʻaʻole hiki ke lana i waho i ka manawa, hiki ke hana maʻalahi i nā hemahema e like me nā pores, slag inclusions, a me nā māwae.

I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana arc welding, e lawe pinepine ʻia nā hana aʻe:

• I ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, hāʻawi ʻia ka pale mechanical i ka metala hoʻoheheʻe e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai ka lewa. ʻEkolu mau ʻano pale: pale kinoea, pale pale, a me ka pale kinoea hui pū.

(2) ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka metallurgical o ka wai welding e hana nui ʻia e ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi nui o ka deoxidizer (ka nui o ka manganese hao a me ka hao silicon) a me kahi nui o nā mea hoʻohui i nā mea kuʻi (electrode coating, welding wire, flux), i loko. e hoʻopau i ka FeO mai loko mai o ka wai i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana wili a hoʻopaʻi i ka nalowale o nā mea hoʻohui. Nā ʻano hana kuʻihao maʻamau

ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i loko o ka pahu he ʻano hoʻoheheʻe electrode hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hoʻohana ana i ka flux granular ma ke ʻano he mea pale a hūnā i ke arc ma lalo o ka papa flux. ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe o ka hoʻoheheʻe arc submerged he ʻekolu mau ʻanuʻu:

1. e hoʻokomo pono i ka flux granular lawa ma ka hui e wili ʻia ma ka mea hana;
2. E hoʻohui i ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu o ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka mana hoʻoheheʻe i ka nozzle conductive a me ka ʻāpana wili i kēlā me kēia e hoʻohua ai i ke arc wili;
3. Hanai 'akomi i ka uwea wiliwili a hoʻoneʻe i ke arc e hoʻokō i ka wiliwili.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka welding arc submerged penei:

1. Ka hana arc kū hoʻokahi

• ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka weld kiʻekiʻe, ka insulation slag maikaʻi a me ka hopena o ka pale ʻana i ka ea, ʻo ka mea nui o ka arc zone ʻo CO2, ʻo ka nitrogen a me ka oxygen i loko o ka weld metala ua hoʻemi nui ʻia, hoʻoponopono ʻia nā ʻāpana kuʻi, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hele wāwae, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Loaʻa ka loko wai no ka manawa lōʻihi, lawa ka hopena metallurgical, ikaika ke kū ʻana o ka makani, no laila paʻa ka hui weld a maikaʻi nā waiwai mechanical;
• ʻO nā kūlana hana maikaʻi a me nā kukui arc hoʻokaʻawale slag he mea pono no ka hana wili; ʻO ka hele wāwae mechanized ka hopena o ka hana haʻahaʻa.

2. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika o ke kahua uila arc ma mua o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke kinoea metala, a loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano penei:

• maikaʻi nā lako hoʻoponopono hana. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika o ke kahua uila, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka naʻau o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoponopono aunoa, e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka paʻa o ke kaʻina hana welding;
• He kiʻekiʻe ka palena haʻahaʻa o ke au kuʻi.

3. Ma muli o ka pōkole conductive lōʻihi o ka welding uwea, ka nui o ka manawa a me ka nui o kēia manawa, e hopena i ka hana kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi kēia i ka hiki ke komo i ka arc a me ka helu deposition o ka uea welding; Ma muli o ka hopena insulation thermal o ka flux a me ka slag, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hana wela holoʻokoʻa, e hopena i ka piʻi nui o ka wikiwiki welding.

Ka laulā o ka noi:

Ma muli o ke komo hohonu ʻana, ka hana kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hana mechanical o ka wili arc submerged, kūpono ia no ke kuʻi ʻana i nā welds lōʻihi o nā hale papa waena a me ka mānoanoa. Loaʻa iā ia ka laulā o nā noi i ka hana moku, ka paila a me ka moku kaomi, ke alahaka, nā mīkini kaumaha nui, nā hale kanu nuklea, nā hale kai, nā mea kaua a me nā ʻāpana hana ʻē aʻe, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia lā. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana no ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana i loko o nā hale metala, hiki nō i ka wiliwili arc submerged ke wiliwili i nā ʻāpana ʻaʻahu kūpaʻa a i ʻole ka corrosion-resistant ma ka ʻili o ka metala kumu. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana welding metallurgy a me ka ʻenehana hana hana ʻenehana, ua ulu nā mea i hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka wili arc submerged mai ke kila structural carbon a hiki i ke kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ke kila kila, ke kila wela, a me kekahi mau metala non-ferrous. e like me ka nickel based alloys, titanium alloys, copper alloys, etc.

Ma muli o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona ponoʻī, aia kekahi mau palena o kāna noi ʻana, ma muli o:

• palena kūlana kuʻihao. Ma muli o ka paʻa ʻana o ka flux, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka welding arc submerged no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā welds kūlana a i lalo me ka ʻole o nā ana kūikawā, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana, kū pololei, a i luna.
• ʻO ka palena o nā mea welding ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke weld i nā metala oxidizing nui a me nā alloys e like me ka aluminika a me ka titanium, a hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka wili ʻana i nā metala ferrous;
• He kūpono wale no ka wiliwili a me ka ʻoki ʻana i nā welds lōʻihi, ʻaʻole hiki ke weld i nā welds me nā kūlana spatial palena ʻole;
• ʻAʻole hiki ke nānā pono i ke arc;

(5) ʻAʻole kūpono no ka pā lahilahi a me ke kuʻi haʻahaʻa o kēia manawa.