Gabatarwa zuwa Babban Ilimi da Fasaha na Welding Arc Submerged

Arc na lantarki:wani al'amari mai ƙarfi da tsayin daka na fitar da iskar gas wanda a cikinsa akwai takamaiman ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin ingantattun na'urori masu kyau da na waje, kuma matsakaicin iskar gas tsakanin wayoyin biyu yakamata ya kasance cikin yanayin ionized. Lokacin kunna baka walda, yawanci ana yin shi ta hanyar haɗa na'urorin lantarki guda biyu (ɗaya electrode shine workpiece yayin da ɗayan wutar lantarki shine filler karfe waya ko sandar walda) zuwa wutar lantarki, a takaice tuntuɓar da sauri. Lokacin da na'urorin biyu suka haɗu da juna, wani ɗan gajeren kewayawa yana faruwa, yana samar da baka. Wannan hanya ita ake kira lamba arcing. Bayan da aka kafa arc, muddin wutar lantarki ta kiyaye wani bambanci mai mahimmanci tsakanin sandunan biyu, ana iya kiyaye konewar arc.

Siffofin Arc:low ƙarfin lantarki, high halin yanzu, high zafin jiki, high makamashi yawa, mai kyau motsi, da dai sauransu Gabaɗaya, wani irin ƙarfin lantarki na 20-30V iya kula da barga konewa na baka, da kuma halin yanzu a cikin baka iya jere daga dubun zuwa dubban amperes saduwa. da waldi bukatun daban-daban workpieces. Zazzabi na baka na iya kaiwa sama da 5000K kuma yana iya narkar da karafa daban-daban.

Abubuwan Arc:yankin anode, yankin anode, da yankin arc shafi.

Tushen wutar lantarki na walda:Tushen wutar lantarki da ake amfani da shi don walda baka ana kiransa tushen wutar walda, wanda galibi ana iya kasu kashi hudu: tushen wutar lantarki ta AC baka waldi, tushen wutar lantarki na baka, tushen wutar lantarki na baka, da tushen wutar lantarki na inverter arc.

DC tabbatacce dangane: Lokacin da wani DC waldi inji da ake amfani da su gama workpiece zuwa anode da waldi sanda ga cathode, shi ake kira DC tabbatacce dangane. A wannan lokacin, aikin aikin yana da zafi sosai kuma ya dace da walƙiya lokacin farin ciki da manyan kayan aiki;

Haɗin baya na DC:Lokacin da workpiece aka haɗa zuwa ga cathode da waldi sanda aka haɗa zuwa anode, shi ake kira DC baya dangane. A wannan lokacin, da workpiece ne kasa mai tsanani da kuma dace da waldi bakin ciki da kuma kananan workpieces. Lokacin amfani da injin walda AC don waldawa, babu matsala ta haɗi mai kyau ko mara kyau saboda musanya polarity na sandunan biyu.

Tsarin ƙarfe na walda ya haɗa da hulɗar tsakanin ƙarfe na ruwa, slag, da iskar gas a cikin aikin walda na baka, wanda shine tsarin gyaran ƙarfe. Koyaya, saboda ƙayyadaddun yanayin walda, tsarin waldawar sinadarai na ƙarfe yana da halaye daban-daban daga tsarin narkewa.

Na farko, the metallurgical zafin jiki na waldi ne high, lokaci iyaka ne babba, da dauki gudun ne high. Lokacin da iska ta mamaye baka, karfen ruwa zai sha iska mai ƙarfi da halayen nitriding, da kuma yawan ƙafewar ƙarfe. Ruwa a cikin iska, kazalika da hydrogen atom bazuwar daga mai, tsatsa, da ruwa a cikin workpiece da waldi abu a high baka yanayin zafi, na iya narkar da a cikin ruwa karfe, haifar da raguwa a hadin gwiwa plasticity da taurin (hydrogen). embrittlement), har ma da samuwar fasa.

Na biyu, tafkin walda yana da ƙananan kuma yana yin sanyi da sauri, yana da wuya ga nau'ikan halayen ƙarfe daban-daban don isa daidaito. Abubuwan sinadaran da ke cikin walda ba daidai ba ne, kuma iskar gas, oxides, da sauransu a cikin tafkin ba za su iya yin iyo a cikin lokaci ba, wanda zai iya haifar da lahani cikin sauƙi kamar pores, ƙaddamarwa, har ma da fasa.

A lokacin aikin walda na baka, yawanci ana ɗaukar matakai masu zuwa:

• A lokacin aikin walda, ana ba da kariya ta injina ga narkakkar karfe don ware shi daga iska. Akwai hanyoyin kariya guda uku: kariya ta iskar gas, kariyar slag, da kariyar haɗe-haɗe.

(2) Metallurgical jiyya na walda pool ne yafi za'ayi ta ƙara wani adadin deoxidizer (yafi manganese baƙin ƙarfe da silicon iron) da wani adadin alloying abubuwa zuwa waldi kayan (electrode shafi, waldi waya, juyi), a cikin. don kawar da FeO daga tafkin a lokacin aikin walda da kuma ramawa ga asarar abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Hanyoyin walda na baka gama gari

Waldawar Arc mai nutsewa hanya ce ta narkewar lantarki wacce ke amfani da granular flux a matsayin matsakaicin kariya kuma tana ɓoye baka a ƙarƙashin mashin ɗin. Tsarin walda na waldawar baka mai nutsewa ya ƙunshi matakai guda uku:

1. a ko'ina ajiya isasshe granular juyi a haɗin gwiwa da za a welded a kan workpiece;
2. Haɗa matakai biyu na samar da wutar lantarki zuwa bututun wutar lantarki da yanki na walda don samar da baka na walda;
3. ciyar da wayar walda ta atomatik kuma motsa baka don aiwatar da walda.

Babban halayen waldan baka na nutsewa sune kamar haka:

1. Ayyukan baka na musamman

• High weld quality, mai kyau slag rufi da kuma iska kariya sakamako, babban bangaren na arc zone ne CO2, da nitrogen da oxygen abun ciki a cikin weld karfe an rage sosai, da waldi sigogi ana daidaita ta atomatik, da baka tafiya ne mechanized, narkakkar. pool wanzu na dogon lokaci, da karfe dauki isa, da iska juriya ne mai karfi, don haka weld abun da ke ciki ne barga da inji Properties ne mai kyau;
• Kyakkyawan yanayin aiki da hasken walƙiya na slag suna da amfani don ayyukan walda; Yin tafiya tare da injina yana haifar da ƙananan ƙarfin aiki.

2. Ƙarfin filin wutar lantarki na arc ɗin ya fi na iskar gas ƙarfe walda, kuma yana da halaye masu zuwa:

• aikin daidaita kayan aiki mai kyau. Saboda babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki, ƙwarewar tsarin daidaitawa ta atomatik ya fi girma, wanda ke inganta kwanciyar hankali na tsarin walda;
• Ƙananan iyaka na halin yanzu na walda yana da girma.

3. Saboda taqaitaccen conductive tsawon na waldi waya, na yanzu da na yanzu yawa yawa suna karuwa sosai, sakamakon high samar da inganci. Wannan yana inganta ƙarfin shigar baka da kuma yawan adadin wayoyi na walda; Saboda tasirin insulation na thermal na juyi da slag, gabaɗayan ingancin thermal yana ƙaruwa sosai, yana haifar da haɓakar saurin walda.

Iyakar aikace-aikacen:

Saboda zurfin shigar azzakari cikin farji, high yawan aiki, da kuma babban mataki na inji aiki na submerged baka waldi, shi ya dace da waldi dogon welds na matsakaici da kuma lokacin farin ciki farantin Tsarin. Yana da aikace-aikace iri-iri a cikin ginin jirgin ruwa, tukunyar jirgi da jirgin ruwa, gada, injinan kiba, tsarin sarrafa makamashin nukiliya, tsarin ruwa, makamai da sauran sassan masana'antu, kuma yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin walda da aka fi amfani da shi wajen samar da walda a yau. Bugu da ƙari da ake amfani da shi don haɗa abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a cikin tsarin ƙarfe, waldawar arc ɗin da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa kuma tana iya yin walda mai jure lalacewa ko lahani mai juriya a saman ƙarfen tushe. Tare da haɓaka fasahar samar da walƙiya ta walda da fasahar samar da kayan walda, kayan da za a iya walda su ta hanyar waldawar baka sun samo asali ne daga tsarin ƙarfe na carbon zuwa ƙaramin tsari na ƙarfe, bakin karfe, ƙarfe mai jure zafi, da wasu karafa marasa ƙarfi. kamar nickel tushen gami, titanium gami, jan karfe gami da dai sauransu.

Saboda halayensa, aikace-aikacen sa kuma yana da wasu iyakoki, musamman saboda:

• iyakokin matsayi na waldi. Saboda riƙon juzu'i, waldawar baka mai nutsewa galibi ana amfani da ita don walda walda a kwance da ƙasa ba tare da ma'auni na musamman ba, kuma ba za a iya amfani da shi ba a kwance, a tsaye, da na sama.
• Ƙayyadaddun kayan walda shi ne cewa ba za su iya walda karafa masu daɗaɗɗen iskar oxygen da gami kamar aluminum da titanium ba, kuma galibi ana amfani da su don walda karafa na ƙarfe;
• Ya dace kawai don waldawa da yanke dogon welds, kuma ba zai iya walda walda tare da iyakataccen matsayi ba;
• Ba za a iya kiyaye baka kai tsaye ba;

(5) Ba dace da bakin ciki farantin da low halin yanzu waldi.